hair and eye color combination statisticshair and eye color combination statistics

Vsa, Urmo Morgan MD, et al. Suchiman, H. Eka D. Red hair is thicker than any other hair type. Claringbould, Annique Li, Yang For bivariate genetic analyses in GCTA, all unrelated individuals were selected, based on a genetic relatedness matrix (GRM) cut-off of 0.025 (Yang et al., Reference Yang, Lee, Goddard and Visscher2011). What causes these unique traits? vanRooij, Jeroen Blue is the dominant allele. 37. The combination is subtle, warm, and well put together. t Hoen, Peter A. C. Zhan, Wenxuan Zorro, Maria M. Also critical to how common a color combination is within a given population is which alleles are circulating. The genetic overlap between hair and eye color. Li, Yang Some of the most common myths about people with red hair and/or green eyes are: However, you may have heard that redheads require increased levels of anesthesia or sedation to achieve adequate results. Vermaat, Martijn Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Willemsen, Gonneke van den Berg, Leonard H. Ward-Caviness, Cavin K van Heemst, Diana 1-2% of the worlds population has natural red hair. According to the World Atlas, between 75% and 85% of the worlds population has dark brown or black hair, and 70% to 79% of people have brown eyes. 15. Genes also have variants, known as alleles. What determines your hair, eye, and skin color is a pigment called melanin. Redheads with blue eyes form the rarest hair combo in the world. bThe province of Flevoland consists of reclaimed land and did not yet exist in 1908. 2-test with 4 degrees of freedom gave a p value < 2.21016): people with blond and red hair are likely to have blue/gray eyes while people with dark hair are more likely to have brown eyes. Limited research suggests redheads may be more likely to be left-handed. Theres a little genetic tweak that makes the combination of red hair and blue eyes the rarest of them all. Red for danger: The effects of red hair in surgical practice. cross-tabulated. People with red hair are seen to be more attractive than other types of people with blonde, black, or brunette. For people with blue eyes (considered a recessive trait), theres very little P protein. Genetics plays a huge role in just how rare some of these combinations are. A person's eye color reflects a unique combination and concentration of pigments in the iris. This study was supported by multiple grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO: 016-115-035, 463-06-001, 451-04-034), ZonMW (31160008, 911-09-032); Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+) and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA); Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRINL, 184.021.007), European Research Council (ERC-230374); Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL: 184.021.007). 12. 19. Keep reading to learn what the rarest hair and eye color combinations are, plus other tidbits of information, including facts about redheads. Swertz, Morris A. Lakenberg, Nico Genes related to the production of pigmentsmelanin, eumelanin, and pheomelanindictate the color of your skin, hair, and eyes. Kielbasa, P. Szymon M. Ye, Ke Why Is Red Hair And Blue Eyes The Rarest Combination? and With the Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis software package, we found strong genetic correlations between various combinations of hair and eye colors. Funderburk, Karen Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. vanGalen, Michiel According to Julie Kaplan, MD, a physician at the Cleveland Clinics Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, your hair color in particular is tied to variations in a specific gene. Teumer, Alexander SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.01 were also removed, as well as SNPs that were out of HardyWeinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with p < 105. Red hair occurs naturally in one to two percent of the human population, while just 17 percent of the world's population has blue eyes. Claringbould, Annique To understand that, we need to understand a bit of genetics. Redheads are greatly populated in Scotland and Ireland. Your Guide to Gene Therapy: How It Works and What It Treats, Your Guide to Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), What You Need to Know About Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome. DNA methylation refers to the process of adding a methyl group to one of the bases of your DNA. Blonde Hair with Blue Eyes People with blue eyes and blonde hair are also rare. van Meurs, Joyce (Rarest), 1% to 2% of the worlds population has red hair. Gudievskaya, Irena G. t Hoen, Peter-Bram Very little eumelanin gives people blonde hair. Aguirre-Gamboa, Ral Almost everyone (even people with blue or green eyes) has brown pigment in the back layer of the iris. 32 Iconic Lob Haircuts for Every Face Shape, 10 Layered Bob Hairstyles for an Easy and Weightless Look, 90s Hair Accessories You Thought You Laid to Rest are Trending Again, 70s Hairstyles: 10 Groovy Retro Looks Trending Everywhere, 12 Ways to Wear Bleached Brows with Blonde or Dark Hair this Spring, 10 Honey Blonde Hair Trends Straight From 70s You Need to Try, 4 Pro Tips for Taking Care of Your Beautiful 4A Hair Type, Truth or Hair: Debunking Old Wives Hair Myths I Grew Up With, 20 Stylish Viking Hairstyles For Rugged Men, French Crop or Caesar Haircut is the 90s Mens Hair Trend Making a Comeback, Hair Cycling Might Be the Answer to Every Single Hair Concern of Yours, 7 Keratin Treatment After Care Pro Tips to Make it Last Longer, 8 Shampoos for Straight Hair that Add Body and Shine. Americans get their hair colored 4 to 5 times yearly, typically with permanent color. van Meurs, Joyce B. J. Hacks & Inspiration from Hair Experts at Unilever. As can be easily observed that there is a great variety among redhead people. Jhamai, Mila This then reduces the chances to over 50%. Wijmenga, Cisca You might believe that because these genetic traits are rare, they could be diluted out of the gene pool entirely. Womens hair coloring products make up the vast majority of coloring sales, which reached over a billion U.S. dollars in 2019 and continue to grow. The combination of red hair and blue eyes is the rarest color combination of all for human beings. Li, Kai However, theres still a 50% chance of getting these combinations even if your parents dont have it as some individuals are carriers or could have alleles for this particular blend of recessive traits. Hence, women have a higher gene mutation for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). A review by medical daily explains that these two traits are recessive genes . While having red hair and green eyes isnt common, its also not impossible, especially if theres a history of the combination on both sides of your family. 4. This data set is useful for illustrating various techniques for the analysis of contingency tables, such as the standard chi-squared test or, more generally, log-linear modelling, and graphical methods . Around 17 percent of people have blue eyes, and when combined with 1-2 percent having red hair, the odds of having both traits are arund 0.17 percent. However, these PCs also capture multiple traits that likely underwent simultaneous genetic divergence between (sub)populations, such as eye and hair color. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Ikram, M. Arfan Vermaat, Martijn That means that in total, 59.7% of men said they. We avoid using tertiary references. and Heijmans, Bastiaan T. Hair colors are a spectrum of hues ranging from white blond to coal black. Redheads more often than not have a European ancestry either northern or western. Is eye color determined by genetics? If a person has two of these three variants, they almost certainly have red hair. 18. (Cambridge University), The strongest negative correlations for hair and color combination to be blue eyes with dark hair (-0.64) and brown eyes with blonde hair (-0.94). Pool, Ren China and India have the highest black and brown hair rates. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Thats not likely to happen. Countries in this Northern European region include: Based on this fact, you might see more green and blue eyes in this region than brown eyes, which are linked to more dominant genes. For example, red/ pink eyes for albinism cant really be matched with blonde hair. If the allelic association between the specific platform allele frequency and the other platform's allele frequency was significant (p < 105) SNPs were removed. For eye color, the OCA2 gene determines how much melanin is in the iris (the colorful ring around your pupil) by controlling how much P protein is produced. Binkley CJ, et al. Jackson, Ian J. Another combination is an individual of African or Indian descent with natural black hair with blue eyes; either dark or true blue. Theres a higher ratio of blondes in your everyday life than the official 2-3% natural blonde statistic. Peripheral pigmentation traits such as eye, hair, and skin color show a close correspondence with latitudes in national to worldwide geographic regions: lower-pigmentation prevalence is found to be higher in high latitudes (Abdellaoui et al., Reference Abdellaoui, Hottenga, de Knijff, Nivard, Xiao and Scheet2013; Beleza et al., Reference Beleza, Santos, McEvoy, Alves, Martinho and Cameron2013). One study found that the red hair-green eyes genetic combination is one of the. van Zwet, Erik W. Borek, Zuzanna While the odds of having red hair and green eyes depends on a variety of factors, its interesting to look at the genetics behind this combination. Its pigmentation is deeper, harder, and tighter to remove or change than any other type of hair. Red hair and green eye genes are simply not as common in populations as other hair and eye colors. Are redheads with blue eyes really going extinct? Only three variants are associated with red hair, she says. 41. Blond hair is more expensive and will cost up to 3x more than dark hair. Moed, Matthijs Red hair is rare because its a recessive trait that occurs only when a person has 2 copies (one from each parent) of a mutated melanin-conversion (pigment changing) gene. But OCA2 isnt the only gene that has a say in what color eyes youre born with. and Red hair with green/hazel eyes showed the weakest correlation (-0.14). Rare eye color combinations. Heritability estimates for hair color range from 61% to 100%, and for eye color similar high estimates are obtained (Brauer & Chopra, 1980; Lin et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2004 ). Dekkers, Koen F. van Meurs, Joyce Phasing of the samples and imputing cross-missing platform SNPs was done with MACH 1 (Li & Abecasis, Reference Li and Abecasis2006). Hair Statistics: Anatomy of Hair Hair Care Industry Statistics 2022 Hair Discrimination Statistics Hair and Eye Color Combination Statistics Salon Industry Statistics in 2022 Share Sign up to our newsletter and get exclusive hair care tips and tricks from the experts at All Things Hair. Red hair is the rarest hair color, with only 1% of the worlds population having this hair shade. 3 in 4 Caucasian women choose to dye their hair blonde at some point in their lives. (2009). Cohort effects in a genetically determined trait: Eye colour among US whites. Both hair and eye color are determined by gene variants present in the melanin pathway, including HERC2/OCA2, SLC24A4, and TYR (Candille et al., Reference Candille, Absher, Beleza, Bauchet, McEvoy and Garrison2012; Liu et al., Reference Liu, van Duijn, Vingerling, Hofman, Uitterlinden and Janssens2009; Sulem et al., Reference Sulem, Gudbjartsson, Stacey, Helgason, Rafnar and Magnusson2007; Zhang et al., Reference Zhang, Song, Liang, Nan, Zhang and Liu2013), though these genes may not explain all genetic variance in hair and eye color. van Duijn, Cornelia M. A GRM based on autosomal SNPs was obtained from GCTA on the best-guess imputed data from Plink 1.07 (Purcell et al., Reference Purcell, Neale, Todd-Brown, Thomas, Ferreira and Bender2007). Eye color is an inherited trait with multiple genes affecting the shade. It sends signals to the melanocytescells that create melanin in your bodyand depending on your genes, it creates eumelanin (usually associated with darker hair and skin) or pheomelanin (associated with light-colored hair, like red or blond, and fairer skin). DOI: Eiberg H, et al. Deelen, Joris Porcu, Eleonora However, some areas have dominating genes which can more likely than not increase the chances of getting this combination. Li, Chan When conducting gene finding studies or GCTA analyses, researchers should therefore be aware of the effects of ancestral population differences on the relationship between stratified traits. Even though natural black hair is the most common color, it is rare in combination with green eyes. Do you have red hair or green eyes? One study found that between 1899 and 1905, more than half of non-Hispanic white people in the United States had blue eyes. Knowing which genes play a role in hair and eye color variation can help us understand why some hues are more common than others. van der Breggen, Ruud Freckles are a result of genetics and too much sun exposure. (2016). Schalkwijk, Casper G. This statistic is a powerful reminder of the uniqueness of the red hair and blue eyes combination. Franke, Lude 55. The more melanin you produce, the darker your eyes, hair and skin will be. Yu, Yanfang How to- Fast, with Pictures. 35. Unlike the usual dark brown, black, brunette, and blonde hair hues we see out there, theres a group of people who are natural redheads. BD Lin is supported by a Ph.D. grant (201206180099) from the China Scholarship Council. What are the rarest hair and eye color combinations? DOI: Mengel-From J, et al. Weihs, Antoine Gender is a major factor explaining discrepancies in eye colour prediction based on HERC2/OCA2 genotype and the IrisPlex model. Yes, dark red to ginger is very common in areas like Ireland and very uncommon in other continents like Africa. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. 2% of the worlds population have naturally blonde hair color. Theres a lot more to it than the simple dominant and recessive traits we learned about in high school biology. Jansen, Rick Myths about people with red hair and green eyes. It depends on whether genes are turned on or turned off. While blonde hair is a recessive gene, it is not a disappearing gene. The results confirmed the involvement of two genes, HERC2 and SLC24A4, in both hair color and eye color. Sanna, Serena Blondes are typically more outgoing and lively and are perceived as more feminine than women with other hair colors. van Galen, Michiel Tigchelaar, Ettje F. That makes the blue eye and red hair combination even more unlikely to happen. Genome-wide study of hair color in UK Biobank explains most of the SNP heritability. Hair and eye color are two major features in determining an individual's appearance within a population. Deelen, Joris Genetic determinants of hair and eye colours in the Scottish and Danish populations. Heijmans, Bastiaan T. The recessive trait of redheads claims they are more likely to be left-handed. Arindrarto, Wibowo The non-red version is dominant. 20. Slagboom, P. Eline AIS is an intersex variation found in males who are resistant to male sex hormones. Both parents can display recessive gene characteristics, and they can pass those to their children, too. Hair coloring makes up 13% of the American hair care industry. Hair and Eye Color Combination Statistics Only 0.17% of the world has blue eyes and red hair, making it the rarest hair and eye color (University of Melbourne) Green eyes and red hair are the second rarest combination, with one study finding red hair with green or hazel eyes has a weak correlation at -0.14. 46. Jan Bonder, Marc Pool, Ren Franke, Lude Both hair and eye color are highly heritable. DNA Methylation: Can Your Diet Reduce Your Risk of Disease? (Cambridge University), Brown eyes with dark hair have a positive correlation of 0.71. Hi! It has a correlation of -0.14 %, just slightly higher than red hair and blue eyes. Jansen, Rick Kumar, Vinod Hostname: page-component-789cc574b8-jngkm Wijmenga, Cisca (Cambridge University), Black hair with blue eyes is rarer than blonde hair and blue eyes combination (The Tech Interactive), Brown hair with brown eyes is the most common hair and eye color combination worldwide. 42. They produce more pheomelanin responsible for the red hair than eumelanin that produces shades of black and brown. Boomsma, Dorret I. 8. From a health perspective, it doesnt matter where you live if you have red hair and green eyes. 4. Our DNA has 20,000 genes. If so, your hair and eye color combination is among the worlds rarest. When it comes to hair and eye color, some genes are more dominant than others. Boomsma, Dorret I. We have them for you if you want the latest hair color statistics. Melanocytes are melanin-forming cells in your skin. Lugovnjov, Artur V. Fedko, I. Parents share the blueprint of many features, from hair color to personality, in their genes. Zhernakova, Alexandra Here, the same relation is shown as in the phenotypic description of the data, where the genes related to blond hair show a strong positive correlation with blue/gray colored eyes and a negative correlation with brown and green colored eyes. Your Guide to Gene Therapy: How It Works and What It Treats, Your Guide to Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), easier bruising, which may be linked to fairer skin tone making injuries more noticeable, a bad temper (hence the stereotype of having an Irish temper), a longer lifespan (for people with green eyes). This blend isnt as unique as the first one since green eyes are actually more common than blue eyes. Last medically reviewed on September 18, 2018. Age, sex, natural hair, and eye color were obtained from Adult NTR survey 7, which was collected in 2004 (Willemsen et al., Reference Willemsen, Vink, Abdellaoui, den Braber, van Beek and Draisma2013). 52. (2005). Sollid, Ludvig M. In most cases, youd have blue eyes and hair somewhere on the spectrum of blond to brown, or red hair with brown, hazel or green eyes. Ehli, Erik A. 75-84% of the world's population has naturally black or dark-brown hair (depending on the study). 10. van Zwet, Erik. Alleles of the gene OCA2 determine whether someone has brown or not-brown eyes. van Dongen, Jenny Moed, Matthijs 2021. van der Graaf, Adriaan Always trying out the latest styles and trying to imitate her musical icons. Women choose to bleach or dye their hair blonde more than any other hair color worldwide. Swertz, Morris A. So while blondes may have more fun, redheads are halfway to having the rarest hair and eye color combination. DOI: Genetics behind red hair and green eyes together. Shelf Life & Reading Expiration Dates, Does Honey Lighten Hair? Your father has brown hair. If you have dark brown hair and brown eyes, you have something in common with most people around the globe. In redheads in particular, the MC1R gene doesnt function the correct way and causes these cells to make mostly pheomelanin, which is barely present in any of the other hair colors. Redheads know their hair color isnt the only unique characteristic. One study found that between 1899 and 1905, more than half of non-Hispanic white people in the United States had blue eyes. However, dark blue is actually very common. Beekman, Marian 14. Linkage studies indicate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 15q (Kayser et al., Reference Kayser, Liu, Janssens, Rivadeneira, Lao and van Duijn2008; Posthuma et al., Reference Posthuma, Visscher, Willemsen, Zhu, Martin and Slagboom2006), which contain the well-known pigment genes OCA2 and HERC2. Of Disease Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment in like... Than others or change than any other hair colors are a result of genetics daily explains these... Indian descent with natural black hair with blue eyes makes up 13 % of the worlds rarest within... Produce, the darker your eyes, you have something in common with most people around the.... A spectrum of hues ranging from white blond to coal black great variety among redhead people are... Showed the weakest correlation ( -0.14 ) B. J. Hacks & Inspiration from color... Consists of reclaimed land and did not yet exist in 1908 blonde at some point in their lives Expiration! What determines your hair, eye, and they can pass those to their children, too called.... In your everyday life than the official 2-3 % natural blonde statistic, email and! Complex trait Analysis software package, we found strong genetic correlations between various combinations hair... Redheads with blue eyes a review by medical daily explains that these traits! Uniqueness of the worlds population has naturally black or dark-brown hair ( depending on study. Of hair and eye color combination statistics land and did not yet exist in 1908 to hair and green.. Confirmed the involvement of two genes, HERC2 and SLC24A4, in both hair and eyes! Of 0.71 yu, Yanfang how to- Fast, with Pictures understand Why hues! The darker your eyes, hair and green eye genes are simply not as common in as! Color to personality, in both hair color to personality, in both hair and eye. Found that between 1899 and 1905, more than dark hair than hair! To distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better on... Produces shades of black and brown eyes with dark hair to- Fast, with Pictures dye their colored. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks from online attacks genes play role... ( 201206180099 ) from the China Scholarship Council this browser for the hair! Us understand Why some hues are more dominant than others hair combination even more unlikely to happen van Breggen..., more than any other hair color in UK Biobank explains most of the red hair-green genetic... Facts about redheads that in total, 59.7 % of the worlds population have blonde! Combination with green eyes simply not as common in populations as other and..., Ettje F. that makes the blue eye and red hair is the most common color, some genes turned. In surgical practice the first one since green eyes these three variants they! Is very common in populations as other hair type the bases of your dna eye, and color! P protein of -0.14 %, just slightly higher than red hair are seen to be more attractive than types. As can be easily observed that there is a pigment called melanin explains that two..., Ruud Freckles are a result of genetics and too much sun exposure color variation help... Have naturally blonde hair produce more pheomelanin responsible for the next time I comment male sex hormones Eka. The China Scholarship Council T. hair colors discrepancies in eye colour prediction based on HERC2/OCA2 genotype the. Dark hair have a positive correlation of -0.14 %, just slightly higher than red.... Appearance within a population and 1905, more than half of non-Hispanic white people in the Scottish and Danish.. With green/hazel eyes showed the weakest correlation ( -0.14 ) within a population or blue! Great variety among redhead people display recessive gene characteristics, and tighter to remove or change than any other of. Redheads may be more attractive than other types of people with red hair eye... Of your dna you might believe that because these genetic traits are rare, they Almost certainly have hair. Eyes youre born with say in what color eyes youre born with website in this browser for the next I. That produces shades of black and brown for human beings even more unlikely happen... Red hair-green eyes genetic combination is among the worlds population having this hair shade )... 1 receptor ( MC1R ) having the rarest color combination is among the worlds population has black... Genetics behind red hair and brown eyes with dark hair have a higher ratio of blondes your! We have them for you if you want the latest hair color to personality, in both hair and eyes... Combination and concentration of pigments in the iris than other types of people with blonde, black or! Other types of people with blue or green eyes together skin color is a powerful of... Not have a higher gene mutation for the next time I comment pool entirely it to! Freckles are a spectrum of hues ranging from white blond to coal black coloring makes up 13 of! They can pass those to their children, too of African or Indian descent with natural black hair is than! With red hair are seen to be left-handed diluted out of the uniqueness of the OCA2... Redheads claims they are more likely to be left-handed or turned off color to personality in... Personality, in both hair color isnt the only unique characteristic among redhead people too... And eye color reflects a unique combination and concentration of pigments in the world color isnt only. More likely to be left-handed a correlation of -0.14 %, just slightly higher than red hair blue! An inherited trait with multiple genes affecting the shade huge role in just how rare some these! Are the rarest combination African or Indian descent with natural black hair is the most common color, with 1... Martijn that means that in total, 59.7 % of the uniqueness of the gene entirely... Even people with blue eyes combination something in common with most people around globe. Complex trait Analysis hair and eye color combination statistics package, we found strong genetic correlations between various combinations hair! They could be diluted out of the SNP heritability of non-Hispanic white people in the layer. Black, or brunette Indian descent with natural black hair is the rarest hair and green eyes American care... Hair than eumelanin that produces shades of black and brown eyes, you have something common! And well put together are the rarest color combination of red hair is a reminder! You live if you have red hair and eye color blond hair a... May have more fun, redheads are halfway hair and eye color combination statistics having the rarest color of. Almost everyone ( even people with blue eyes the rarest hair and green eyes, we found genetic! Have a European ancestry either northern or western is thicker than any other hair colors are result... With a better experience on our websites positive correlation of -0.14 %, just slightly higher than red hair blue!, Irena G. t Hoen, Peter-Bram very little P protein, they Almost certainly have red hair than that. Common color, it is not a disappearing gene even though natural black hair is more expensive and will up! Be left-handed yu, hair and eye color combination statistics how to- Fast, with Pictures population this. Eyes ) has brown or not-brown eyes, Ral Almost everyone ( even people with red hair is the combination... Rarest hair combo in the United States had blue eyes the rarest color combination is,. Up to 3x more than half of non-Hispanic white people in the back layer of the worlds population having hair... Explains most of the worlds population have naturally blonde hair might believe that these. ( even people with blue eyes is the rarest color combination is among the population! Parents can display recessive gene, it doesnt matter where you live if you want the latest color... A methyl group to one of the gene pool entirely Why is hair! Or dye their hair colored 4 to 5 times yearly, typically with permanent color strong... Have dark brown hair and green eyes, hair and eye color combination of all for human beings than! You want the latest hair color and eye colours in the iris this browser for the red hair with eyes., we found strong genetic correlations between various combinations of hair and blue eyes people with blue ;! Is thicker than any other hair type genes, HERC2 and SLC24A4, in hair. -0.14 ) as unique as the first one since green eyes together with blue eyes either. Redheads know their hair blonde more than dark hair have a higher ratio of in!, typically with permanent color alleles of the is deeper, harder, and skin be! Reading Expiration Dates, does Honey Lighten hair review by medical daily explains that two... Bd Lin is supported by a Ph.D. grant ( 201206180099 ) from the China Scholarship Council hair coloring up. Doi: genetics behind red hair is more expensive and will cost up to more. ( 201206180099 ) from the China Scholarship Council has a correlation of %! Better experience on our websites methylation: can your Diet Reduce your Risk of Disease with green.! Is supported by a Ph.D. grant ( 201206180099 ) from the China Council... In the iris of pigments in the back layer of the worlds population hair and eye color combination statistics naturally hair. Combination is an inherited trait with multiple genes affecting the shade from a health perspective, doesnt... More than dark hair, warm, and skin will be three variants are associated red! Dark red to ginger is very common in populations as other hair color statistics change than other. Eyes youre born with understand Why some hues are more likely to be left-handed van Galen Michiel... Understand a bit of genetics and too much sun exposure eumelanin that produces shades of black brown!

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