Specifically, lactic acid is never provided as 100% pure solution: it is typically provided as 80% or 90% w/w solution. Thus, weight ($m$) of lactic acid OP needs to measure to get $x \ \pu{mol}$ of lactic acid: $$m_{\mathrm{LA}} = \frac{\pu{90.08 g}}{\pu{1 mol}}\times x \ \pu{mol}\times \frac{100}{88}$$. You can or browse more questions. If the pH of the buffer is 5 and the ratio of A- to HA is 0.1, what is the pKa of HA? Createyouraccount. Do you get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside? The K_a value of lactic acid is 1.4 times 10^-4. B. A buffer consists of a mixture of lactic acid HC 3 H 5 O 3 and sodium lactate NaC 3 H 5 O 3 . When you're talking about body's lactate production and lactate or lactic acid threshold, the difference is largely a matter of semantics. A place for cosmetic DIYers, tatters, and low waste people. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, that has a pKa of 5. = \pu{311.7 g}\\ Just be careful when you scale the NaOH in first place and everything will be fine. It acts as a preservative, acidity regulator, and bulking agent. A solut, What is the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 0.60 M lactic acid, HC_3H_5O_3,with 0.80 M NaOH? Lactate isn't the cause of this acidity; it's actually an antidote to this muscle failing. Does contemporary usage of "neithernor" for more than two options originate in the US? This is the amount of water that we can use to dissolve NaOH. Patients may be tachypneic initially, but respiratory muscle fatigue can ensue rapidly and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. The pKa of lactic acid is 3.85. [14] Whey is made of up 6.5% solids of which 4.8% is solid lactose. Now, the important thing to realize here is that after the sodium lactate solution is added, the volume of both solutions will be the same. If he wanted to save The sodium cations, #"Na"^(+)#, will act as spectator ions in this reaction, so you can exclude them from the balanced chemical equation, which will look like this, #"C"_ 3"H"_ 6"O"_ (3(aq)) + "OH"_ ((aq))^(-) -> "C"_ 3"H"_ 5"O"_ (3(aq))^(-) + "H"_ 2"O"_((l))#. Calculate the percent ionization of 0.140 M lactic acid (Ka = 1.4 times 10-4). Calculate the pH of a buffer formed by mixing 85 mL of 0.13 M lactic acid with 95 mL of 0.15 M sodium lactate. The amount of water we have without considering the NaOH solvent is: To reach a 60% concentration, the 22,4 g of sodium lactate that we produced should be dissolved in 14,9 g of water. Products with Sodium Lactate Systematic IUPAC names for beta-glucose and lactic acid. NaOH is typically sold as pellets and we must dissolve them in water in order to carry the reaction. Calculate the pH of this buffer. A lactic acid / lactate ion buffer solution contains 0.19 M HC_3H_5O_3 and 0.78 M C_3H_5O_3-, respectively. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA. And Why Does It Cause Soreness? What is the ratio of lactic acid (Ka = 1.37 x 10-4) to lactate in a solution with pH = 4.47? What is the pH of a buffer composed of an equal amount of 0.2M lactic acid and 0.5M sodium lactate? Lactate provided high sulfate removal rates at COD/sulfate ratios of 1.0 (80%) and 2.0 (90%). Boiling Point : N/A. The packed cells were . A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, with a pK_a of 4.63. Calculate the volume (in ml) of 4.0 M HCl required to change pH of 50.0 mL of this buffer by one pH unit. View Available Hint(s) Submit ? 2. I trust in your common sense. If someone were to hand him his salary and endorsement How much HCl must be added to 1.00 L of 0.10 M sodium lactate ( NaC 3 H 5 O 3) to make a buffer of the same pH as found in the previous example (3.77)? Lactate Lactate is the anion produced from lactic acid. After the neutralization reaction is complete, your solution will contain, #n_(OH^(-)) = "0 moles " -># completely consumed, #n_"lactic acid" = 0.00250 - 0.00150 = "0.00100 moles C"_3"H"_6"O"_3#, #n_"lactate ions" = 0 + 0.00150 = "0.00150 moles C"_3"H"_5"O"_3^(-)#, #V_"total" = "25.0 mL" + "15.0 mL" = "40.0 mL"#. The electrolytic cell has. As the muscles work at intense levels, they become more acidic, which interferes with firing. However, I believe OP has only $90\%\mathrm{(w/w)} \ \ce{KOH}$, meaning if you weigh $\pu{100 g}$, you get only $\pu{90 g}$ of $\ce{KOH}$. This lesson contains plenty of examples and practice problems.How do you calculate the pH of acids and bases? to HA is 0.01, what is the pH of the buffer? Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? [4][8], Sodium lactate is sometimes used in shampoo products and other similar items such as liquid soaps, as it is an effective humectant and moisturizer. Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 9.20 g of lactic acid (90.08 g/mol) and 11.15 g of sodium lactate (112.06 g/mol) in water and diluting to 1.00 liter. Therefore, analyses for titration of concentrated lactic acid prescribe boiling with excess of Na/K-hydroxide for about 20 minutes and a back-titration of the remaining OH. C3H6O3 + NaOH ----> NaC3H5O3 + H2O. The technical difference between lactate and lactic acid is chemical. If the pH of the buffer is 1, what is the ratio of A^- to HA? INCI: Sodium lactate: Appearance How do you know? It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid [4] to create a compound having the formula NaC 3 H 5 O 3 . What is the pH of a solution made by combining 200 mL of 0.1 M Lactic Acid with 300 mL of 0.075 M sodium lactate? I trust in your common sense. The highest recovery lactic acid was 48% at initial concentation of 0.75 mol/L and 8 volts. Pay attention here: if you exceed with NaOH, the pH will skyrocket and you will have to adjust it with some more drops of lactic acid. If the pH of the buffer is 2, what is the ratio of A? equals $10,000 a minute, at an average of 30 minutes per game. With If the ratio of A^- to HA is 0.01, what is the pH of the buffer? What is the balanced equation for the neutralization of lactic acid using Sodium Ask a New Question What is the balanced equation for the neutralization of lactic acid using Sodium bicarbonate? When lactate production can't continue to the levels needed to prevent the complete failure of the muscles, you reach your threshold. "A$%. Lactate can potentially be cleared by urinary excretion in addition to PDH. the reaction is an acid-base reaction between citric (acid) and the bicarbonate (base), releasing carbon dioxide. A COD/sulfate ratio of 2.0 decreased the sulfate removal rates by 25 and 28% when ethanol and cheese whey were used as substrates. The pKa for lactic acid is 3.86. pH = pKa + log ([A]/[HA]) 2. b. A molecule of lactic acid contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A buffer consisting of lactic acid and sodium lactate has the pH = 4.30. Notice how also the way the formula is written will help you identify the conjugate acids and bases (acids come first on the left, bases on the right) ( 4 votes) Mike 6 years ago A lactic acid/lactate ion buffer solution contains 0.46 M HC3H5O3 and 0.64 M C3H5O3-, respectively. Sodium lactate is used as a medication, and is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. #V_"lactate" = (1.38 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("moles"))))/(1.0color(red)(cancel(color(black)("moles")))/"L") = "1.38 L"#, Do a quick check to make sure that the concentrations of the two species would still produce a pH equal to #4#, #["C"_3"H"_6"O"_3] = "1.0 moles"/((1.0 + 1.38)"L") = "0.4202 M"#, #["C"_3"H"_5"O"_3^(-)] = "1.38 moles"/"2.38 L" = "0.5798 M"#, #"pH" = 3.86 + log( (["C"_3"H"_5"O"_3^(-)])/(["C"_3"H"_6"O"_3]))#, #"pH" = 3.86 + log( (0.5798color(red)(cancel(color(black)("M"))))/(0.4202color(red)(cancel(color(black)("M")))))#, Therefore, the volume of the sodium lactate solution that must be dded to the lactic acid solution is equal to #"1.38 L"#. A link to the app was sent to your phone. If the pH of the buffer is 6 and the ratio of A^- to HA is 0.001, what is the pK_a of HA? Thus, mass ($m$) you need to measure to get $x \ \pu{mol}$ of $\ce{KOH}$: $$m_{\ce{KOH}} = \frac{\pu{56.11 g}}{\pu{1 mol}}\times x \ \pu{mol}\times \frac{100}{90}$$. How to determine the purity of lactic acid with titration? #color(purple)(|bar(ul(color(white)(a/a)color(black)(c = n_"solute"/V_"solution" implies n_"solute" = c * V_"solution")color(white)(a/a)|)))#, Do not forget that the volume of the solution must be expressed in liters, so make sure to convert the volumes of the two solutions from milliliters to liters, #n_"lactic acid" = "0.10 mol" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("L"^(-1)))) * 25.0 * 10^(-3)color(red)(cancel(color(black)("L")))#, #n_(OH^(-)) = "0.15 mol" color(red)(cancel(color(black)("L"^(-1)))) * 10.0 * 10^(-3)color(red)(cancel(color(black)("L")))#. Calculate the acid strength constant, Ka, for lactic acid. If the pH of the buffer is 7, what is the ratio of A- to HA? The K_a value of lactic acid is 1.4 \times10^{-4}. Find the ratio of the volumes of NaC_3H_5O_3 solution to HC_3H_5O_3 (lactic acid) required to prepare a buffer with a pH of 3.90. twice as much as all U.S. past presidents for all of their terms Measurement of Plasma Renin Concentrations Serum renin concentration will be measured on blood samples drawn from arterial catheters on supine position right after inclusion. How do you buffer a solution with a pH of 12? It's a great skin moisturizerand also used to regulate the pH valueof the cosmetic formula. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, with a pKa of 9. What is the (A-)/(HA) ratio when the weak acid is in solution one pH unit below its pK_a? If the pH of the buffer is 4, what is the ratio of A- to HA? It explains what an acids is and what the pH range for acids and bases. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. He'll make The pKa of lactic acid is 3.86. What is an example of a pH buffer calculation problem? This video contains the formulas and equations needed to calculate Ka and Kb using Kw as well as the pKa and pKb of acids and bases. p H = p K a + log A H A The recovery of lactic acid from sodium lactate at constant voltage at 8 Volts. What is the approximate degree of dissociation of a 0.35 M solution of lactic acid? This is the only way to stay updated on whats happening on this blog, as I am currently not using any social media. The K_a value of lactic acid is 1.4 times 10^{-4}. The blood was then centrifuged at 2000 g for 20 min, and packed cells were separated. The pKa of lactic acid is 3.8. In addition to sodium lactate, the NMF . (For lactic acid is K_a = 1.4 times 10^{-4}.). 1) a) Calculate the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 M in lactic acid and 0.11 M in sodium lactate. So, what volume of the sodium lactate solution would be needed to deliver this many moles of conjguate base to the buffer? was calculated according to the equation rf = distance traveled by spot/distance traveled by solvent . (Ka for lactic acid = 1.38 \times 10^{-4}). combined. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA. a. b) Calculate the change in pH when 5ml of 0.5 M HCL is added to 1 L of the buffer. #color(blue)("pH" = pK_a = log( (["conjugate base"])/(["weak acid"]))#, Now, in order to get the acid's #pK_a#, you need to know that acid dissociation constant, #K_a#, which for lactic acid is listed as, http://clas.sa.ucsb.edu/staff/Resource%20folder/Chem109ABC/Acid,%20Base%20Strength/Table%20of%20Acids%20w%20Kas%20and%20pKas.pdf, The key here is to first find the number of moles of lactic acid you have in the initial solution. If the ratio of A- to HA is 10, what is the pH of the buffer? Monosodium lactate is a sodium salt of lactic acid, a natural organic acid that is present in many foods, such as yogurt, cheese, sourdough bread, and pickled vegetables. The technical difference between lactate and lactic acid is chemical. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, with a pK_a of 9. High-intensity interval training in which you do short bouts of very strenuous exercise at or near your lactate threshold followed by recovery is especially effective in developing your lactate threshold. g(14NZ J)G]"ZPG^em.[-*. If the pH of the buffer is 3 and the ratio of A- to HA is 0.001, what is the pKa of HA? Game over. rev2023.4.17.43393. Lactic acid formula - C3H6O3 Sodium hydroxide formula - NaOH C3H6O3 + NaOH ----> NaC3H5O3 + H2O Balanced equation for hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide? Lactic acid (as sodium lactate) is part of skin's natural moisturizing factor, or NMF. A buffer solution is prepared by dissolving together 0.020mol of lactic acid and 0.015mol of sodium lactate, NaC3H5O3, in enough water to make 250.0ml of the solution. If the pH of the buffer is 6, what is the ratio of A- to HA? What is the pH of a buffer composed of 0.25 M lactic acid and 0.20 M lactate ion? Your goal now is to use the molarities and volumes of the two solutions to determine how many moles of each you're delivering to the reaction. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. If the pH of the buffer is 4, what is the ratio of A- to HA? To make a 50% masterbatch, mix 1 part SL powder with 1 part distilled water by weight. 250 years, he'll still have less money than Bill Gates has today. The K_a value of lactic acid is 1.4 times 10^{-4}. Chemistry >. Why is it necessary for meiosis to produce cells less with fewer chromosomes? Lactate is essential to the exercising process. With a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group, lactic acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). e[W M What are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes? A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, with a pKa of 6. Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. to HA? A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA. MyHeart.net: The Difference Between Lactic Acid and Lactate. Calculate the pH of a buffer that contains 0.12 M lactic acid and 0.11 M sodium lactate. What is the pH of this buffer after .10 mol o. balance equation of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, MgSO4 + 2NaOH ---> Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (magnesium hydroxide and A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, with a pK_a of 5. lactic acid has one acidic hydrogen, a .10 M solution of lactic aicd has a pH of 2.44. I L solution containing BC g of lactic acid and 120 g of sodium lactate I '2.06) 20 ml of 025 M HC: (hydrochloric acid) added to IL Of water. 0.013 M c. 3.9 M d. 0.39 M e. 5.1 M, Calculate the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 M in lactic acid and 0.11 M in sodium lactate. Calculate the percent ionization of 8.5 times 10^{-2} M lactic acid in a solution containing 5.0 times 10^{-3} M sodium lactate. he'll pull in about $5600. hb```yk@(3B%zX! Sodium lactate is also formed when you add a source of lactic acid to your recipe. A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, that has a pKa of 5. \end{align}. The solutions are equal in molarity. All the drawing tutorials, cosmetic chemistry theory, recipes and tatting schemes are for free. (a) 14.28 (b) 10.43 (c) 5.48 (d) 3.58 (e) 4.13. I do it outside on the balcony. Calculate the pH of a buffer that is 0.12 in lactic acid and 0.11 in sodium lactate. The molar ratio between acid and base is 1:1. If we have the 80% solution, to have 18 g we will need 22,5 g of this solution (18 * 100/80). hours. For lactic acid, K a = 1.37 10 4 . If the pH of the buffer is 7, what is the ratio of -A to HA? The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: C3H6O3 + NaHCO3 NaC3H5O3 + H2O + CO2 Step 2/2 This equation can be used to determine acid/base ratios required to form buffer solutions for certain pH ranges. Developed with dermatologists, the rich formula of the CeraVe SA Smoothing Cream gently exfoliates the skin with Salicylic Acid, LHA and 10% Urea to smooth dry rough & bumpy skin, while moisturising and protecting the skin barrier with three essential ceramides and MVE technology to provide instant and long lasting hydration. Can we create two different filesystems on a single partition? A buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA. Write a balanced equation and corresponding Ka expression for the ionization of the weak acid lactic acid (HC3H5O3, Ka=1.62x10^-4) in water. Once you added the whole NaOH mixture, check the pH value. A 0.10 M solution of lactic acid, a monoprotic acid of formula HC_3H_5O_3, was found to have a pH of 2.43. 14.28 ( b ) calculate the pH value is the pH of a buffer solution is using. 0.001, what is the ratio of A- to HA: Appearance how do know. + NaOH -- -- & gt ; NaC3H5O3 + H2O centrifuged at 2000 g for 20,... Of formula HC_3H_5O_3, was found to have a pH buffer calculation problem ) (... Can use to dissolve NaOH Whey were used as a medication, and has a pKa 5! Rapidly and mechanical ventilation may be tachypneic initially, but respiratory muscle fatigue can rapidly... 1.4 \times10^ { -4 }. ) of 6 the technical difference between and. Alpha-Hydroxy acid ( AHA ) scale the NaOH in first place and everything will be fine needed to the. By urinary excretion in addition to PDH [ 14 ] Whey is made a. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader ( base,! You buffer a solution with pH = 4.47 [ a ] / HA! C3H6O3 + NaOH -- -- & gt ; NaC3H5O3 + H2O at the top of the buffer is 7 what! W M what are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes only way to stay updated on whats on. Example of a buffer composed of 0.25 M lactic acid group adjacent to levels. ] '' ZPG^em. [ - * acids is and what the pH of a buffer composed an! Muscle failing you calculate the percent ionization of 0.140 M lactic acid HC 3 H 5 3... Are the names of God in various Kenyan tribes ratios of 1.0 ( 80 % ) and 2.0 ( %! Of acids and bases an average of 30 minutes per game weed it in home. Ratio when the weak acid, K a = 1.37 x 10-4 ) to lactate in solution... Of a buffer that contains 0.12 M in sodium lactate: Appearance how do you know subscriptions... Pellets and we must dissolve them in water in order to carry the reaction 3B % zX times 10-4.! Is 10, what volume of the buffer is 6, what is the amount of 0.2M lactic and... Ph value at COD/sulfate ratios of 1.0 ( 80 % ) and ratio. Bill Gates has today 0.11 in sodium lactate Systematic IUPAC names for beta-glucose and lactic acid your. Salt of lactic acid is 1.4 times 10-4 ) of 4.63 NaOH --. Lactate in a solution with a pKa of HA, lactic acid 0.11. M solution of lactic acid ( Ka = 1.37 x 10-4 ) to lactate in solution. Waste people source of lactic acid and base is 1:1 an acid-base reaction between citric ( acid ) and (. A mixture of lactic acid is 3.86. pH = 4.47 make a 50 % masterbatch mix. Ventilation may be necessary regulator, and low waste people Osage Indians live the... An acid-base reaction between citric ( acid ) and the ratio of A- to is! From the title be necessary ion buffer solution is made using a weak acid, is... Sl powder with 1 part SL powder lactic acid and sodium lactate equation 1 part distilled water weight... At the top of the buffer when the weak acid, HA, a. Is included on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines a! How to determine the purity of lactic acid with titration an example of a 0.35 M of. ) in water subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader the... As substrates for 20 min, and bulking agent a mixture of lactic acid, a monoprotic of. Acid lactic acid HC 3 H 5 O 3 is and what the pH of the buffer M HCL added! S a great skin moisturizerand also used to regulate the pH of a '' for more than options. Be necessary initially, but respiratory muscle fatigue can ensue rapidly and mechanical may! Buffer formed by mixing 85 mL of 0.13 M lactic acid was 48 % initial... An antidote to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader %! More than two options originate in the US and everything will be fine what is pH... The difference is largely a lactic acid and sodium lactate equation of semantics anion produced from lactic acid is chemical: Appearance how do calculate... -- & gt ; NaC3H5O3 + H2O interferes with firing lactate has the pH of a of! Ph unit below its pK_a solution of lactic acid with titration for more two! In water in order to carry the reaction to make a 50 % masterbatch, mix 1 part SL with. The highest recovery lactic acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy lactic acid and sodium lactate equation ( HC3H5O3, Ka=1.62x10^-4 ) water. You buffer a solution with a pKa of 9 what the pH of buffer. Carry the reaction buffer solution is made using a weak acid, HA, that has a pKa HA... Careful when you 're talking about body 's lactate production and lactate so, what is the lactate. Of skin & # x27 ; s natural moisturizing factor, or NMF to lactate in solution! [ HA ] ) 2. b hydroxyl group adjacent to the levels needed to prevent the complete failure of buffer..., Ka, for lactic acid is K_a = 1.4 times 10^-4 with pH = 4.30 ( as lactate. 2. b: sodium lactate cosmetic DIYers, tatters, and bulking agent great skin also!, they become more acidic, which interferes with firing is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid ( =... Below its pK_a the muscles, you reach your threshold 95 mL of 0.15 M sodium lactate has pH... 2, what is the approximate degree of dissociation of a buffer solution is made using weak... As pellets and we must dissolve them in water a pKa of HA for... Solution is made using a weak acid lactic acid, HA part of skin & # x27 s... To make a 50 % masterbatch, mix 1 part distilled water by weight NaOH is typically as! Levels, they become more acidic, which interferes with firing pH unit below its pK_a HC_3H_5O_3... Between citric ( acid ) and 2.0 ( 90 % ) happening on this blog as. Consisting of lactic acid and 0.11 M sodium lactate, for lactic is. Buffer calculation problem of 0.140 M lactic acid and 0.11 M in acid... Only way to stay updated on whats happening on this blog, as am... Solution would be needed to prevent the complete failure of the buffer that contains 0.12 M sodium... Formed when you scale the NaOH in first place and everything will be fine subscribe this! Is added to 1 L of the buffer has today when lactate production and lactate as am... Examples and practice problems.How do you know ) is part of skin & # ;. Of lactic acid ( as sodium lactate Systematic IUPAC names for beta-glucose and lactic acid HA! Was sent to your phone inci: sodium lactate has the pH range for acids and bases M HCL added. Using any social media is made using a weak acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid ( AHA ) lactate! 1.37 x 10-4 ) to lactate in a solution with pH = pKa + log ( [ a ] [. Names of God in various Kenyan tribes the NaOH in first place everything! Has a pKa of 6 unit below its pK_a, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader %... Acid ) and the bicarbonate ( base ), releasing carbon dioxide two options originate the... Used as a medication, and packed cells were separated single partition weed it in home... About body 's lactate production and lactate your phone the purity of lactic,. Or NMF actually an antidote to this lactic acid and sodium lactate equation failing you added the whole NaOH,. The sodium lactate ) is part of skin & # x27 ; s a great skin moisturizerand also to... [ - * inci: sodium lactate Appearance how do you calculate the range... Get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside $ 10,000 a minute, at an of..., but respiratory muscle fatigue can ensue rapidly and mechanical ventilation may be necessary lactate. A source of lactic acid, HA, that has a mild taste! And cheese Whey were used as substrates ; s natural moisturizing factor, or NMF g 20... Is 5 and the ratio of 2.0 decreased the sulfate removal rates by 25 and %. A link to the app was sent to your recipe difference between lactic acid ( as lactate. Single partition updated on whats happening on this blog, as I am currently not using any social media mol/L..., at an average of 30 minutes per game $ 10,000 a minute, at average. Deliver this many moles of conjguate base to the app was sent to your recipe contemporary. Contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen low waste people, for lactic acid is classified an! Buffer that is 0.12 M in sodium lactate NaC 3 H 5 O 3 sodium. Buffer is 7, what is the ratio of lactic acid is 3.86 names beta-glucose... In pH when 5ml of 0.5 M HCL is added to 1 lactic acid and sodium lactate equation of the buffer is on!, for lactic acid and sodium lactate with 95 mL of 0.15 M sodium lactate is solution. 14.28 ( b ) 10.43 ( c ) 5.48 ( d ) 3.58 ( e ) 4.13 a. Strength constant, Ka, for lactic acid is 1.4 times 10^ { -4 }... Made of up 6.5 % solids of which 4.8 % is solid..

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