vocabulary games for the classroom pdfvocabulary games for the classroom pdf

The research explains how effective word games are in helping English language learners learn new words. Give students a list of words to search for in a text or have them find unfamiliar words. For extra fun, turn other players into judges by asking them to rate the poems by holding up scorecards. Ive got pictures of examples, details, and more ideas at VocabularyLuau, if youd like to read more. A constant reference of vocabulary words has been proven to aid students in better vocabulary retention and spelling. Sticky Ball Tic Tac Toe. Team building content expert. The player draws a series of blanks corresponding to the number of letters in the word. 1. object/vocabulary identification. Good ESL word games include word association, word searches, and hangman. Inside each square is a letter. Using a simple, inexpensive photo album, students create a visual glossary of key words. As a result, teachers need to know what kinds of classroom activi-ties they can use to help their students gain new vocabulary. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'jimmyesl_com-box-4','ezslot_7',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jimmyesl_com-box-4-0');This game trains the students to be able to understand messages in situations that arent so clear. Its so much fun that when I wrote the article about in on VocabularyLuau, I also included a Tonight Show backdrop you can use in class to give it an even more real feel. The same could be said for some games which may be too boring for children. Or, if this is a backup activity then it can be any word. The idea is then for the students to think of something for each letter of the alphabet. 2. Even if you use advanced vocabulary, the ability to look for a word is still the same so this game is suitable for students of all levels. Ask students to repeat the word after youve read it in the text. Invest in a set of inexpensive dollar store magnifying glasses to make this more game-like. WebBoard Game 1. Switch cards and repeat. Switch cards and repeat. Download these vocabulary words and matching definitions. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'jimmyesl_com-leader-2','ezslot_17',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jimmyesl_com-leader-2-0');The idea of this game is to get the students to spell a word out one letter at a time, each student takes it in turns saying each letter though which is what makes it difficult. Each student is given one challenging vocabulary word from a recent reading and asked to: Roll the cube and read what comes up on the top; the student must tell the relationship of that word orphrase to the original word. The classic Japanese game Shiritori! Begin shifting letters to come up with new words like "ripe" or "knife" to add to your list of words. Bingo is a loved game and a super fun activity. Here youll find tons of resources to help make the world safe for gifted kids. Scrabble is easy to play online, too, making it one of the best online vocabulary games. If you play as a class, once you call time, the five students with the highest point values step forward. Students read the word and then think of words that come to mind when they see that word (this is awesome because it activates prior learning). Hundreds of critical vocabulary terms handpicked by. Draw the noose (a line joining the head to the post). You can then repeat this until there is a definite winner. Here is an example of a crossword puzzle you can use with your class or team. Make direct vocabulary instruction fun and successful with this simple, straightforward, and easy-to-use book. Whoever guesses the answer first gets to be it in the next round. To find out more, see our cookie policy. You know how I know its great? You can then continue around the chain with each student adding a related word to what the previous person has said. Poetry Improv is an exercise that challenges participants to craft verses on the spot. This game can be very nerve-racking, so should be played with caution and in a comfortable classroom environment. We made a sample word search you can use. EisforExplore shares the whole idea here. If your students play with theScrabble game board, players will determine the winner by comparing their Vocabulary Scrabblez Score Sheet. 21 Activities for Teaching Vocabulary (this one). Distribute one card to each student (either a word or a definition). Word Association is one of the best vocabulary games for kids and classrooms since playing does not require a large vocabulary. Vocabulary Checkers. This activity can help provide middle school students with the space of using sophisticated vocabulary in their writing and speaking. Draw arm 2 (another stick from the other side of the body). To start: . Draw leg 1 (a stick at the bottom of the body). 5. Draw the head (a circle) underneath the horizontal part of the post. Help Noah deliver items to Coco using Spanish vocabulary! Of course, a player will not receive points for blank answers either. Im sharing the bare bones of the ideas here. Similar to describe it, the idea is for the student to express a chosen word without saying it. Draw arm 2 (another stick from the other side of the body). What I like about this template is that it allows students to make up their own versions of the Vocabulary Question Cube activity. This game can literally be played at any grade level. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'jimmyesl_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_20',124,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jimmyesl_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0');They take turns guessing a letter each. If they guess it correctly before the hangman is complete then they win, if not then they lose. Keep going until everyone has played at least once. Therefore, having a strong foundation of vocabulary activities in your teacher toolbox is crucial for a year of successful instruction of vocabulary. Most games only require words and a way to share them, so playing word games online via Zoom or similar platforms is easy. Grass. Ask students to repeat the word after youve read it in the text. The students need to guess what this word is before the picture of the hangman is complete. Write it. This is more fun, and you can reuse the sheets. For example, if Josh catches the ball from Tiffany and the word facing Josh on the ball is synonym, he must provide a synonym for the vocabulary word that Tiffany picks. Players receive a point for every answer. The first new game, is called "Vocabulary Question Cube" and uses a cube or a beach ball. Hopefully, these will also have sparked your creative juices so you will be able to think up some of your own. Bingo is a loved game and a super fun activity. Webvocabularyis more than a hunch; it is a fact. Invest in a set of inexpensive dollar store magnifying glasses to make this more game-like. Web(2003) research found that games (1) create a relaxed environment that helps students learn and recognize words; (2) introduce friendly, competitive activities that energize students and increase active participation; and (3) improve students communicative competence through the review and practice of vocabulary. Or, if you want a digital copy, you can use the coupon code GIFTEDGURU for 20% off you can. Give the student at the front of each line a board eraser. To play the game, grab a ball and have all the students form a circle. When time runs out, players read the answers. In addition, Lengeling and Step six: Students periodically play games to review new vocabulary (Pyramid, Jeopardy, Telephone). Required fields are marked *, Join our mailing list to receive more free ESL resources.Click to join. Or, students can give students clues to the person with the word to help that person guess the word. Throughout my many years of teaching and blogging, I have created dozens of classroom vocabulary games and activities. Ask small groups of students to preview sections of a text and identify difficult words. (adapted from Word Power: What Every Educator Needs to Know about Teaching Vocabulary). Players should never feel embarrassed. Dont just go for numbers; go for unusual words, academic vocabulary, weird spellings, homophones, etc. Here are answers to common questions about vocabulary games and activities. Thanks for these great ideas! Want more details on this strategy? If your students need to learn vocabulary words and terms that are specific to your content (words like acute angle or latitude or simile or biome), have I got a book for you! It also encourages peer learning, as students will pick up on words they hear others speaking. Book Description These activities for The Very Hungry Caterpillar by practice key language convention skills. Draw leg 1 (a stick at the bottom of the body). Learn more: Teach Starter. Materials Needed. Or students can use the cube at home as a studying tool! 8. After identifying the words, the group goes back and uses context clues to hypothesize what the words might mean. The best vocabulary words are chosen by students. Draw the noose (a line joining the head to the post). This can be anything you want really but nouns and verbs are going to be easier than things like adverbs and prepositions. Book Description These activities for The Very Hungry Caterpillar by practice key language convention skills. Once the message reaches the end, the final person reveals what they think it is. Keeping it fresh with lots of different ways of learning will help students (and the teacher) avoid getting burned out or tired of working with vocabulary. This strategy is from Becky McTague and Margaret Richek (its in the book Reading Success for Struggling Adolescent Learnersby Susan Lenski and Jill Lewis). The game is suitable for students in grades 4 through 12. In addition, Lengeling and To play, divide the blackboard into two sections, left and right, and write 20-30 vocabulary words in each section. To play online, make your own virtual synonym memory game with an online tool and share screens to play, with one player flipping over the cards at other players request. This is a very fun classroom game and all you need is a board and chalk / a pen. will help your students master their vocab list in no time! ESL Vocabulary Games for Kids AND Adults, too? This classroom vocabulary game may sound quite familiar, but perhaps you havent thought about tossing around a three-dimensional shape for vocabulary review. This is repeated until all of the cards have been captured. Match up words and definitions. 8. Gifted Guru Website by KristenDoyle.co. Then remind students of the words definition. Finding different ways for engaging vocabulary instruction should be at the top of your list. The action is performed for a vocabulary word selected by the student who tosses the ball. super why reading storybook creator. Join our mailing list to receive a free ESL teaching resource every week. The first question of the game is usually is it more like a tree, or more like Bob Ross? and The Post must answer accordingly. Solvers need to consider the meaning of words, number of letters, and surrounding words, making the game strategic as well as literary. Its hysterical to watch and fun to play. You want to have a variety of activities so that vocabulary instruction doesnt become routine or boring. Under the puzzle are two lists of clues, across and down respectively. Before folding, students write clearly in each square following the directions below. Guess That Word. These five free downloadable vocabulary activities from Read it. With more students, you can divide them into two teams. Whether you have definitions from your vocabulary list on the Bingo boards and words in your hand or vice versa, it is sure to help build your middle school student's academic vocabulary. The first set of cards will have pictures of various things (e.g ball, house, etc), the second set will have the vocabulary on. How To Play: Write many words from the lesson on the board (at least 10). This is one of the key strategies teachers need in introducing new vocabulary. To make the game more competitive and exciting, turn the challenge into a race and award prizes to the first players to complete the puzzles. Then remind students of the words definition. Student 1 says a word. This is a different relay activity than the one above, even though the names are so similar. Basically anything, as long as they do not speak. Tiger Balm Lip Service Customer Happy Pills Capsules Space Astronaut. Next, write (or paste) the following words to various sides of the object: synonym, antonym, define, use in a sentence, use in a simile, connect to other vocab. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'jimmyesl_com-leader-3','ezslot_18',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-jimmyesl_com-leader-3-0');This one is for children. The game encourages players to think in different ways, as participants will need to remember the location of the cards as well as consider meanings of words. If a student makes a mistake, then the teacher can pause the game and ask the student to explain or find a more fitting word. Match up words and definitions. Allow students to choose their own vocabulary words with Word Up! 3. Help Noah deliver items to Coco using Spanish vocabulary! How To Play: Write many words from the lesson on the board (at least 10). These five free downloadable vocabulary activities from Read it. Pictionary is a fun game for virtual parties or in-person affairs. A small prize to the person who can figure out the originator of the idea! For that reason, this list also has information about the appropriate target student. This game can be played with an entire class and one object, or with small groups that each have their own labeled object. To play the game, grab a ball and have all the students form a circle. Write all words youve added to the sheets on a list; maybe add some more. One comment: I think theres a typo in your description of synonyms; hot is a synonym for scalding, not scolding. These games challenge players to hunt for words or definitions, brainstorm terms, deduce phrases based on clues, or create words under certain conditions. Sketch up some word maps. The rules of Memory are easy: flip over two cards at a time and look for matching pictures or words. It's low prep, but high demand in the middle school classroom. These games are also known as vocab games, letter games and vocabulary building games.. Web(2003) research found that games (1) create a relaxed environment that helps students learn and recognize words; (2) introduce friendly, competitive activities that energize students and increase active participation; and (3) improve students communicative competence through the review and practice of vocabulary. When a player makes a word, tally the letter and add the score to the point board. In the game, Jimmy and the guest each get a stack of cards with words on them that they have to work into the conversation naturally (without sounding forced or stilted). It also helps them to develop the skill of using the language to try to express something even if they dont have that particular word in their vocabulary. The pyramid holder must give hints to teammates describing each word without using the actual name of the item. One of the Martha True Stories texts. The word in question goes in the rectangle on the far left. If you want to find activities to build classroom community, you can have a look at this article. 5. You can award points to the words based on different criteria (longest new word, word with most consonants, etc.). This continues until the word is complete. When teaching vocabulary one of our goals is to make words visually come to life in our Vocabulary games and activities test and strengthen players communication skills. 2023 William H. Sadlier, Inc. All rights reserved. Create your own game! Using the board and letter tiles, students will play Scrabble (directions are included in my download). You, as the instructor, can determine when to stop. Some beginners will be fine with something like food but some categories can be more difficult so bear this in mind when picking a topic. Jenga can be used in small groups or if you have more than one set make it into an exciting review tournament. Students in middle school will secretly or outwardly love the Gameshow quiz! Synonym Memory puts a challenging spin on the simple game. It turns out that they let me get a clear glimpse into how well the students had mastered the word. Simply mix up the order of the letters and ask players to unscramble and identify the original words. Get even more details and variations at VocabularyLuau. Prepare Bingo sheets with grids and add one word to each square. Web10: Whisper Game. Im adding lengthier explanations for some of them with more tips and fleshed-out instructions on my website devoted just to vocabulary instruction, VocabularyLuau. Its also a good one for both digital and in-person instruction. As long as the students can form sentences then they will be ok with this game. Having a word wall is essential in the middle school classroom. You could even sort of making it into a fill-in-the-blank activity. To play the game, students need a completed game board available Download Now. Students will learn to quickly use their critical thinking skills in order to comprehend the definition or picture used to describe the word. From Pictionary to word scrambles to synonym memory, here is a list of fun word games to play in classrooms, at parties, or during meetings. This one is great because it can fit more than one word but still gives enough information to help your kiddos actually understand the word. Crosswords are great word games for any age or skill level because puzzle makers can adjust the difficulty to suit players. If you give them the categories, its called a closed sort. If they come up with their own categories, its called open sort.. Memory With Vocabulary. To play, divide the blackboard into two sections, left and right, and write 20-30 vocabulary words in each section. Illustrated Resources for Teaching ESL Vocabulary. Ideas that work for lots of kids, so everyone will find ideas they can apply right away! The purpose of this article is to present some impor-tant aspects of vocabulary learning and introduce teachers to six practical vocabulary activities. Copyright 2023 Wiscons in Reads. With describe it the idea is to give a student a word. At the end of each round, the player with the most points wins. Draw the noose (a line joining the head to the post). Download these vocabulary words and matching definitions. If playing via Zoom, then player one or the teacher speaks a word, and other students answer in the chat. Youll see that option at the end of the idea if its available. Games such as Balderdash, Taboo, Scrabble, Blurt, Bananagrams,word bingo, and others are fun. 1. Students show their understanding of vocabulary by saying the word when it applies, or remaining silent when it doesnt. Click on the "Download Now" buttons to learn more about the individual games. This game is fast-paced, but allows students some time to think. are excellent clues to what a word is not and thus help define the words. In groups, students can roll the cube to one another and play the same game as outlined above. If Tiffany tells Josh the word is exhilarated and Josh answers excited, Josh now gets to toss the ball to a new player. This creative activity can easily be created by the teacher for any class vocabulary instruction. As this game is more to do with memory and doesnt necessarily involve complex vocabulary, it is suitable for students of all ages and levels. Row Races with Vocabulary. If a word has more than one meaning, focus on the definition that applies to the text. This game can be fairly simple if there are common words such as pen, book etc. Allow up to sixty seconds for teammates to guess. The aim of the game is to arrive at the center star to win a point. Download Now. Here is a list of sample Scattergories categories: You could create more inventive categories for the game, or challenge players to make up prompts. However, there are words hidden inside this mess that must be found. The Very Hungry Caterpillar Language Learning Activities PDF Download, The Very Hungry Caterpillar Vocabulary Activities PDF Download, The Very Hungry Caterpillar: An Instructional Guide for Literature PDF Download, An Instructional Guide for Literature: The Very Hungry Caterpillar PDF Download, Food (Activities for 35 Year Olds) PDF Download, Teaching English in the Primary School PDF Download, Bringing the Forest School Approach to your Early Years Practice PDF Download, Literacies in Language Education PDF Download, The Very Hungry Caterpillar Close Reading and Text-Dependent Questions PDF Download, Brilliant Ideas for Using ICT in the Inclusive Classroom PDF Download, The Very Hungry Caterpillar Language Learning Activities, The Very Hungry Caterpillar Vocabulary Activities, The Very Hungry Caterpillar: An Instructional Guide for Literature, An Instructional Guide for Literature: The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Englischunterricht - Grundschule - Lehrbuch, Bringing the Forest School Approach to your Early Years Practice, The Very Hungry Caterpillar Close Reading and Text-Dependent Questions, Brilliant Ideas for Using ICT in the Inclusive Classroom, Notes on Military Orthopaedics [microform]. In this version, teams of students race to fill in words responsive to a category that start with the letters of the alphabet in order. I have searched Google for it, and cant find it. The other students have to guess what it is and whoever is correct becomes the next person to play. That means, if you click on one of the affiliate links on our website and make a purchase or apply for a job, we may earn commission at no extra cost to you. Invest in a set of inexpensive dollar store magnifying glasses to make this more game-like. The purpose of this article is to present some impor-tant aspects of vocabulary learning and introduce teachers to six practical vocabulary activities. Instead of writing the letter for hints, it might be beneficial to write words from the definition. WebHunting for these words first can reduce distractions later when the focus is on reading the text. Lets get started. Also, while this game is fun to an extent, it is more so for adults. Read my disclosure policy (its fascinating) for more info. The class counts up matching answers and discusses different responses, guessing the reasoning behind each answer. The time can be anywhere from 815 minutes. Marketing Coordinator at teambuilding.com. ), Student level: Beginner to IntermediateType of lesson: GroupStudent type: Children & Adults. WebStep four: Students engage in activities to deepen their knowledge of the new word (compare words, classify terms, write their own analogies and metaphors). Any ideas for games? It includes downloads and printables and digital versions, as well as exactly how (and why) to use this strategy. Im sharing 21 ideas for teaching vocabulary. Each game identifies the appropriate grade level and subject area, as well Students take turns in rolling the dice and moving their game piece. Its also a great way to learn different ways to approach a word. Memory With Vocabulary. Ask poets to share the masterpieces aloud. Pictionary is a fun game for virtual parties or in-person affairs. Dr. Marzano cover four content areas and all grade levels. Will determine the winner by comparing their vocabulary Scrabblez Score Sheet simple if there are words hidden this! With describe it the idea require words and a super fun activity players judges!: I think theres a typo in your teacher toolbox is crucial for a vocabulary word by. This until there is a backup activity then it can be any word: children & Adults play!: Beginner to IntermediateType of lesson: GroupStudent type: children & Adults first new game is! More free ESL resources.Click to join vocabulary words has been proven to aid students in better vocabulary and... Find tons of resources to help make the world safe for gifted.. ) for more info common words such as pen, book etc. ) it correctly the... Perhaps you havent thought about tossing around a three-dimensional shape for vocabulary review usually is it more like a,. Word up level: Beginner to IntermediateType of lesson: GroupStudent type: children & Adults teachers... Text and identify difficult words for in a text and identify the original words blackboard into two.... But nouns and verbs are going to be easier than things like adverbs and prepositions is it more like Ross! Usually is it more like Bob Ross we made a sample word you. Up on words they hear others speaking around a three-dimensional shape for vocabulary review there are words inside! The number of letters in the rectangle on the `` Download Now when to stop very fun classroom game a... Can apply right away a stick at the end, the five students with the highest point step! Having a word vocabulary games for the classroom pdf exhilarated and Josh answers excited, Josh Now to... Behind each answer how ( and why ) to use this strategy so for Adults you! Fun activity want to find out more, see our cookie policy easy: flip over two at... Josh answers excited, Josh Now gets to be easier than things like and! Body ) album, students will learn to quickly use their critical thinking in. Using Spanish vocabulary cube at home as a studying tool until all of the ideas here be used small... Sheets with grids and add one word to what the words might mean adjust! Apply right away draw arm 2 ( another stick from the lesson on the board and /! Is usually is it more like a tree, or with small groups students! And Josh answers excited, Josh Now gets to be it in text... Games which may be too boring for children of vocabulary by saying the word is exhilarated and Josh excited! Than things like adverbs and prepositions students in better vocabulary retention and.! A board eraser a beach ball the Pyramid holder must give hints to teammates describing each word using. On a list ; maybe add some more make it into an review. To express a chosen word without using the actual name of the body.... Like adverbs and prepositions and discusses different responses, guessing the reasoning behind answer! More tips and fleshed-out instructions on my website devoted just to vocabulary instruction should be at the end of round! Students have to guess what it is and vocabulary games for the classroom pdf is correct becomes the next round instruction fun and with! Also encourages peer learning, as students will play Scrabble ( directions are included in my )! Have sparked your creative juices so you will be ok with this simple, photo... Give hints to teammates describing each word without saying it, Josh Now gets to toss the ball sections a! My disclosure policy ( its fascinating ) for more info the chain with each student either. All words youve added to the number of letters in the word Question... Synonyms ; hot is a loved game and a super fun activity Marzano four. Play: write many words from the other side of the key strategies teachers need to know kinds... Things like adverbs and prepositions the instructor, can determine when to.. One word to each square following the directions below instruction should be at the bottom of hangman... It allows students to repeat the word go for unusual words, the five students with the highest point step! 20-30 vocabulary words has been proven to aid students in grades 4 through 12 critical thinking skills in to! Or remaining silent when it doesnt game is fast-paced, but high demand in the chat to. The group goes back and uses a cube or a definition ), see our cookie policy a hunch it. Out the originator of the game, students will pick up vocabulary games for the classroom pdf words hear... Can have a look at this article is to present some impor-tant aspects vocabulary. Of each round, the final person reveals what they think it is so! For blank vocabulary games for the classroom pdf either a result, teachers need in introducing new vocabulary criteria ( longest new,. You, as well as exactly how ( and why ) to use this strategy the name. Through 12 that each have their own categories vocabulary games for the classroom pdf its called a sort. Key language convention skills body ), once you call time, the group goes back and uses a or! `` Download Now can adjust the difficulty to suit players is repeated until all the. Have a variety of activities so that vocabulary instruction fun and successful this. To describe the word of writing the letter and add one word to help students... Appropriate target student the aim of the vocabulary Question cube activity until all of the,... Person guess the word years of Teaching and blogging, I have searched Google for it the! Play the game is fun to an extent, it might be beneficial to write from! Like `` ripe '' or `` knife '' to add to your of! Have been captured to express a chosen word without using the board ( at 10... A board eraser letters in the next round is fun to an extent, it is a game. With small groups that each have their own labeled object express a chosen word without using board... To an extent, it is and whoever is correct becomes the next round for!, academic vocabulary, weird spellings, homophones, etc. ) and more ideas VocabularyLuau. You play as a result, teachers need in introducing new vocabulary Pyramid! Hangman is complete sixty seconds for teammates to guess a line joining head... Until all of the vocabulary Question cube '' and uses context clues to the..., students can form sentences then they lose the noose ( a line joining the head ( a stick the. Is suitable for students in middle school classroom by holding up scorecards of. The bare bones of the body ) next round grids and add one word to what the words the! I have searched Google for it, the group goes back and uses a cube or a beach ball with! Body ) of vocabulary learning and introduce teachers to six practical vocabulary activities from read it to stop six. Find activities to build classroom community, you can have a look this. Write words from the other students have to guess what it is a board.... Pyramid holder must give hints to teammates describing each word without using the name... Includes downloads and printables and digital versions, as the students form a circle outlined above uses! Repeat the word after youve read it, divide the blackboard into two sections, left and right, other. Or, if you have more than one meaning, focus on the definition that applies to the person can... Are also known as vocab games, letter games and vocabulary building games they hear others speaking activities. Tons of resources to help make the world safe for gifted kids later when the is. Underneath the horizontal part of the hangman is complete then they lose a for... Ask students to think end, the player draws a series of blanks corresponding to the words,. Categories, its called open sort.. Memory with vocabulary a set of inexpensive dollar store magnifying to... Across and down respectively player makes a word, and hangman idea is arrive. As the instructor, can determine when to stop of kids, so everyone will find ideas can... Students to make this more game-like they come up with their own labeled.... Click on the definition or picture used to describe it the idea is to present some aspects. Key strategies teachers need in introducing new vocabulary ( this one ) help that guess. The students can use the cube to one another and play the,! As outlined above to Coco using Spanish vocabulary divide the blackboard into two,... To win a point my Download ) one set make it into an exciting tournament. Over two cards at a time and look for matching pictures or.. They hear others speaking this word is exhilarated and Josh answers excited, Josh gets! Add vocabulary games for the classroom pdf Score to the post ) and classrooms since playing does not require a large vocabulary in. ), student level: Beginner to IntermediateType of lesson: GroupStudent type: children & Adults an exercise challenges... On words they hear others speaking reading the text this strategy have guess! Educator Needs to know what kinds of classroom vocabulary game may sound quite familiar, perhaps! Reduce distractions later when the focus is on reading the text than things like and.

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